Most of Pulau Bunaken's resident live in Bunaken village at the southern tip. The scarcity of fresh water has limited the island's development, and villagers must import their drinking water from Manado. (Washing water is drawn from small, brackish wells). Unfortunately, tourism has exacted a heavy toll: westerly winds often sweep alarming piles of garbage onto Pantai Liang, turning this picturesque tropical beach into refuse heap overnight.